-
1 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
2 représenter
représenter [ʀ(ə)pʀezɑ̃te]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [peintre, romancier] to depict ; [photographie] to showb. ( = symboliser, signifier) to represent• ils représentent 12% de la population they represent 12% of the populationc. ( = jouer) to perform ; ( = mettre à l'affiche) to perform• « Hamlet » fut représenté pour la première fois en 1603 "Hamlet" was first performed in 1603d. ( = agir au nom de) [+ ministre, pays] to represent2. reflexive verba. ( = s'imaginer) to imagineb. ( = survenir à nouveau) si l'occasion se représente if the occasion presents itself* * *ʀəpʀezɑ̃te
1.
1) ( figurer) [tableau, dessin] to depict, to show; [peintre] to depict [paysage, situation]; to portray [personne]le décor représente un jardin — Théâtre the scene shows a garden
2) ( exprimer) to represent3) ( équivaloir à) to represent; ( signifier) to meanle vin représente 60% de la consommation d'alcool — wine accounts for 60% of alcohol consumption
4) ( être mandataire de) to represent
2.
se représenter verbe pronominal1) ( s'imaginer) to imagine [conséquences, scène, personne]2) ( survenir à nouveau) [occasion] to arise again; [problème] to crop up again3) ( être à nouveau candidat)se représenter aux élections — to stand GB ou run US for election again
* * *ʀ(ə)pʀezɑ̃te vt1) [image] to show, to depictLe tableau représente un enfant et un chat. — The picture shows a child with a cat.
2) (= symboliser) to represent3) POLITIQUE, [élu] to represent4) (= donner) [pièce, opéra] to perform* * *représenter verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( figurer) [tableau, dessin] to depict, to show; [peintre] to depict [paysage, scène, milieu, situation]; to portray [personne]; le décor représente un jardin Théât the scene shows a garden; le peintre l'a représenté en empereur romain the painter has portrayed him as a Roman emperor; on l'a représenté comme un héros he has been portrayed as a hero;2 ( exprimer) to represent; représenter les sons par des symboles to represent sounds by symbols; que représente ce signe? what does this sign represent?; face au reste, il représente la modération compared to the rest, he represents the moderate position; elle représente bien l'esprit de son époque she typifies the spirit of her age;3 ( équivaloir à) to represent; ( signifier) to mean; le prix d'une voiture représente deux ans de salaire a car represents two years' salary; cela représente trop de sacrifices/frais it means too many sacrifices/too much expense; il représente, à leurs yeux, le parfait employé in their eyes he is the perfect employee; les enfants représentent les deux tiers de la population children make up two thirds of the population; le vin représente 60% de la consommation d'alcool wine accounts for 60% of alcohol consumption; ce qui, à mes yeux, représente un exploit which, to my mind, is a considerable achievement;4 ( être mandataire de) to represent [personne, communauté, organisation]; se faire représenter par to be represented by; représenter la France à l'ONU/un congrès to represent France at the UN/a conference; représenter qn auprès d'un tribunal to represent sb in court;5 Comm to represent [entreprise];7 ( faire percevoir) fml représenter qch à qn to point sth out to sb; représentez-lui les avantages de ce contrat point out the advantages of the contract to him/her.B se représenter vpr1 ( s'imaginer) to imagine [conséquences, scène, personne]; je me représente comment ça s'est produit I can imagine how it happened; on se la représente très bien en premier ministre one can just see her as Prime Minister; on a du mal à se le représenter en vaincu it's hard to see him as a beaten man; représentez-vous cette pauvre femme just picture that poor woman;2 ( survenir à nouveau) [occasion] to arise again; [problème] to crop up again; se représenter à qn or à l'esprit de qn [idée] to occur to sb again, to cross sb's mind again; lorsque l'occasion se représentera next time the opportunity arises; l'occasion ne se représentera pas there won't be another opportunity;3 ( être à nouveau candidat) se représenter à un examen to resit GB ou retake an examination; se représenter aux élections to stand GB ou run US for election again.[rəprezɑ̃te] verbe transitifla scène représente un intérieur bourgeois the scene is ou represents a middle-class interior2. [incarner] to representelle représentait pour lui l'idéal féminin she represented ou symbolized ou embodied the feminine ideal for himles produits de luxe représentent 60 % de nos exportations luxury items account for ou make up 60% of our exportsle loyer représente un tiers de mon salaire the rent amounts ou comes to one third of my salary5. [être le représentant de] to representle maire s'est fait représenter par son adjoint the mayor was represented by his deputy, the mayor sent his deputy to represent himsi vous n'êtes pas disponible, faites-vous représenter if you are not available, have someone stand in for you ou delegate someone6. COMMERCE to be a representative of ou for[mettre en garde quant à] to point out (separable)elle me représenta les avantages fiscaux de son plan she pointed out to me the tax benefits of her plan8. [traite] to present for payment again————————se représenter verbe pronominal intransitif2. [se manifester à nouveau - problème] to crop ou to come up againune occasion qui ne se représentera sans doute jamais an opportunity which doubtless will never again present itself————————se représenter verbe pronominal transitifreprésentez-vous le scandale que c'était à l'époque! just imagine ou think how scandalous it was in those days! -
3 немалък
considerableнемалко нещо/постижение no mean achievement* * *нема̀лък,прил., -ка, -ко, -ки considerable; \немалъкко нещо/постижение no mean achievement.* * *1. considerable 2. немалко нещо/постижение no mean achievement -
4 beachtlich
I Adj.1. (beträchtlich) considerable; mengenmäßig: auch siz(e)able; Fortschritt: considerable, respectable; Erfolg: notable, considerable; Verbesserung: considerable, real; das war eine beachtliche Leistung that was quite an achievement ( oder (quite) some feat umg.)2. (bemerkenswert) remarkable; (ernstzunehmend) serious; Gegner, Widerstände: auch formidable, daunting; beachtlich! umg. pretty good!; er hat Beachtliches geleistet he (has) achieved a lot* * *remarkable* * *be|ạcht|lich [bə'|axtlɪç]1. adj1) (= beträchtlich) considerable; Verbesserung, Zu- or Abnahme marked; Erfolg notable; Talent remarkable2) (= bedeutend) Ereignis significant; (= lobenswert) Leistung considerable, excellent; (= zu berücksichtigend) relevanter hat im Leben/Beruf Beachtliches geleistet — he has achieved a considerable amount in life/his job
2. adv(= sehr) significantly, considerably* * *1) formidably2) (very difficult to overcome: formidable difficulties.) formidable3) respectably4) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) some* * *be·acht·lichI. adj considerableein \beachtlicher Erfolg/eine \beachtliche Leistung a notable success/achievementeine \beachtliche Verbesserung a marked improvementB\beachtliches leisten to achieve a considerable amountnichts B\beachtliches nothing worthy of note\beachtlich! not bad!II. adv1. (deutlich)\beachtlich kälter/schneller/wärmer considerably [or markedly] [or significantly] colder/faster/warmer2. (bemerkenswert) remarkably* * *1.Adjektiv considerable; marked, considerable <change, increase, improvement, etc.>; notable, considerable < success>2.* * *A. adj1. (beträchtlich) considerable; mengenmäßig: auch siz(e)able; Fortschritt: considerable, respectable; Erfolg: notable, considerable; Verbesserung: considerable, real;2. (bemerkenswert) remarkable; (ernstzunehmend) serious; Gegner, Widerstände: auch formidable, daunting;beachtlich! umg pretty good!;er hat Beachtliches geleistet he (has) achieved a lotB. adv considerably etc;beachtlich steigen climb sharply ( oder steeply)* * *1.Adjektiv considerable; marked, considerable <change, increase, improvement, etc.>; notable, considerable < success>2.adverbial considerably; <change, increase, improve, etc.> markedly, considerably* * *adj.considerable adj.remarkable adj. -
5 rendimiento
m.1 yield, return.rendimiento bruto gross yieldrendimiento del capital capital yield2 performance.3 rate of return, return rate, yield.4 surrendering, surrender, capitulation.* * *1 (producción - de terreno) yield; (- de máquina) output; (- de persona) progress, performance; (- de inversión) yield, return2 (trabajo - de motor, máquina) efficiency, performance3 (sumisión) submissiveness4 (cansancio) exhaustion, fatigue* * *noun m.1) yield2) efficiency* * *SM1) [de una máquina] output; (=capacidad) capacity; (=producción) outputfuncionar a pleno rendimiento — to work all-out, work at full throttle
2) [de persona] performance, achievementtiene muy bajo rendimiento escolar — he's not doing very well o achieving much academically
Centro de Alto Rendimiento — specialized sports training centre
3) (Econ) yield, profit, profits pl4) (=sumisión) submissiveness; (=servilismo) obsequiousness; (=devoción) devotion5) (=agotamiento) exhaustion6) (=parte útil) usable part, proportion of usable material* * *1) ( de persona) performanceel alto rendimiento de los alumnos — the pupil's excellent performance o high level of achievement
2) (Auto) performance; (Mec, Tec) output3) ( de terreno) yield4) (Fin) yield, return* * *= performance, yield, payoff [pay-off], achievement, fruitfulness.Ex. They admitted that they did not evaluate their technicians and aides, and confirmed that increases were automatic and the same 'across-the-board'; superior performance was not rewarded, nor inferior performance punished.Ex. Priority is awarded to projects with the following aims: oil and gas recovery, drilling, optimum use of natural gas, and maximising the yield by the use of enhanced recovery techniques.Ex. Although setting up a security policy may demand considerable upheaval, it has significant payoff in safety and efficiency.Ex. Successful achievement on the part of the employee can be reinforced by providing external rewards such as promotions and merit salary increases.Ex. The fruitfulness of our life depends in large measure on our ability to doubt our own words and to question the value of our own work.----* alto rendimiento = high yield.* análisis del rendimiento = performance analysis.* análisis de rendimiento = performance test.* basado en el rendimiento = performance-based.* controles de rendimiento = benchmark figures.* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.* evaluación del rendimiento = performance appraisal, performance evaluation, performance measurement, performance review, performance rating.* evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.* indicador de rendimiento = benchmark, performance indicator, performance measure, output measure.* indicadores de rendimiento = benchmark figures, performance criteria.* índice de rendimiento = performance rating, performance measure, output measure.* índice de rendimiento personal = individual performance index.* ley de los rendimientos decrecientes = law of diminishing returns.* mayor rendimiento = efficiencies of scale.* medida del rendimiento = performance measure.* medida de rendimiento = output measure.* obtener el mayor rendimiento posible = maximise + opportunities.* producir el rendimiento máximo = come into + Posesivo + own.* prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.* pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.* rendimiento académico = academic achievement, learning achievement, learning performance.* rendimiento decreciente = diminishing returns.* rendimiento en el trabajo = work performance.* rendimiento en la investigación = research performance.* rendimiento escolar = school achievement, school performance, learning achievement, learning performance.* rendimiento laboral = work performance.* rendimiento óptimo = quality performance.* rendimiento por debajo de la media = under-performance.* tasa de rendimiento = rate of return.* * *1) ( de persona) performanceel alto rendimiento de los alumnos — the pupil's excellent performance o high level of achievement
2) (Auto) performance; (Mec, Tec) output3) ( de terreno) yield4) (Fin) yield, return* * *= performance, yield, payoff [pay-off], achievement, fruitfulness.Ex: They admitted that they did not evaluate their technicians and aides, and confirmed that increases were automatic and the same 'across-the-board'; superior performance was not rewarded, nor inferior performance punished.
Ex: Priority is awarded to projects with the following aims: oil and gas recovery, drilling, optimum use of natural gas, and maximising the yield by the use of enhanced recovery techniques.Ex: Although setting up a security policy may demand considerable upheaval, it has significant payoff in safety and efficiency.Ex: Successful achievement on the part of the employee can be reinforced by providing external rewards such as promotions and merit salary increases.Ex: The fruitfulness of our life depends in large measure on our ability to doubt our own words and to question the value of our own work.* alto rendimiento = high yield.* análisis del rendimiento = performance analysis.* análisis de rendimiento = performance test.* basado en el rendimiento = performance-based.* controles de rendimiento = benchmark figures.* de alto rendimiento = high-performance, heavy-duty.* evaluación del rendimiento = performance appraisal, performance evaluation, performance measurement, performance review, performance rating.* evaluar el rendimiento en el trabajo = evaluate + work performance.* indicador de rendimiento = benchmark, performance indicator, performance measure, output measure.* indicadores de rendimiento = benchmark figures, performance criteria.* índice de rendimiento = performance rating, performance measure, output measure.* índice de rendimiento personal = individual performance index.* ley de los rendimientos decrecientes = law of diminishing returns.* mayor rendimiento = efficiencies of scale.* medida del rendimiento = performance measure.* medida de rendimiento = output measure.* obtener el mayor rendimiento posible = maximise + opportunities.* producir el rendimiento máximo = come into + Posesivo + own.* prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.* pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.* rendimiento académico = academic achievement, learning achievement, learning performance.* rendimiento decreciente = diminishing returns.* rendimiento en el trabajo = work performance.* rendimiento en la investigación = research performance.* rendimiento escolar = school achievement, school performance, learning achievement, learning performance.* rendimiento laboral = work performance.* rendimiento óptimo = quality performance.* rendimiento por debajo de la media = under-performance.* tasa de rendimiento = rate of return.* * *A (de una persona) performancesu rendimiento es muy bajo his performance is very poor, he has performed very poorlyel alto rendimiento de los alumnos the pupils' excellent performance o high level of achievementB1 ( Auto) performanceel rendimiento de esta máquina es de 40 unidades al día the output of this machine is 40 units a day, this machine produces 40 units a dayfunciona a pleno rendimiento it is working at full capacityC (de un terreno) yieldD ( Fin) yield, return* * *
rendimiento sustantivo masculino
rendimiento sustantivo masculino
1 (de una persona, máquina) performance
2 Fin yield, return
' rendimiento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bajón
- desigual
- productividad
English:
efficiency
- efficient
- output
- performance
- performance-related pay
- power
- response
- return
- spasmodic
- yield
- out
* * *rendimiento nm1. [de inversión, negocio] yield, return;[de tierra, cosecha] yield rendimiento bruto gross yield;rendimiento del capital capital yield2. [de motor, máquina] performance;[de trabajador, fábrica] productivity;trabajar a pleno rendimiento [maquinaria, fábrica] to work at full capacity;[trabajador] to work flat out3. [de estudiante, deportista] performance* * *m1 performance;de alto rendimiento coche high-powered, performance atr2 ( producción) output3 FIN yield;de alto rendimiento high-yield* * *rendimiento nm1) : performance2) : yield* * *1. (en general) performance2. (producción) output -
6 conceder
v.1 to grant.me concedió un deseo he granted me a wishle concedí el beneficio de la duda I gave him the benefit of the doubtno concede entrevistas she doesn't give interviews¿me concede cinco minutos? could you give o spare me five minutes?2 to admit, to concede.3 to give.4 to allow to.* * *2 (atribuir) to give, attach3 (oportunidad, tiempo) to give4 (admitir) to concede, admit* * *verb1) to award, grant2) concede, admit* * *VT1) (=dar) [+ beca, premio] to award, grant; [+ crédito, permiso, deseo, entrevista] to grantsu mujer no quería concederle el divorcio — his wife didn't want to grant o give him a divorce
le concedieron el honor de presidir el congreso — they conferred on him the honour of presiding over the conference
¿me concede el honor de este baile? — may I have the pleasure of this dance?
2) frm (=admitir) to concede, admitconcedo que el error fue mío — I concede o admit it was my mistake
* * *verbo transitivo1)a) <premio/beca> to give, award; <descuento/préstamo> to give, grant (frml); <privilegio/favor/permiso> to grantel honor que me concedieron — the honor they conferred o bestowed on me
¿me podría conceder unos minutos? — could you spare me a few minutes?
b) <importancia/valor> to give2) (admitir, reconocer) to admit, acknowledge, concede* * *= award, confer (on/upon), grant, vest, cede, bestow, dispense.Ex. In recognition of his impact on cataloging, in 1974 he was awarded the Margaret Mann Citation and, in 1978, the Melvil Dewey Medal.Ex. Lastly, he was the 1971 recipient of the Melvil Dewey Medal, which was conferred upon him for creative professional achievement of a high order.Ex. In the majority of cases, the indexer is granted considerable freedom of choice as to the citation order he adopts in the construction of compound class numbers.Ex. This responsibility is vested in the Central Classification Committees of the member countries.Ex. We see this most clearly in the United Kingdom right now, as the Westminster government cedes authority both to the European Union and to a new parliament in Scotland.Ex. God offers penitents redemption but also bestows His 'common grace' on all.Ex. This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.----* conceder aumento salarial = award + salary increase.* conceder beca = grant + scholarship.* conceder cierta autoridad sobre = give + Nombre + a say in.* conceder comisión de servicios = second.* conceder diploma = grant + diploma.* conceder el derecho al voto = enfranchise.* conceder el honor = accord + honour.* conceder en franquicia = franchise.* conceder facultades = endow with + powers.* conceder importancia = accord + significance level, attach + importance, place + importance.* conceder licencia = grant + license.* conceder licencia de comercialización = license [licence, -USA].* conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.* conceder permiso = give + permission, grant + permission, grant + Alguien + leave.* conceder poderes = give + powers.* conceder potestad = confer + mandate.* conceder una licencia = issue + licence.* conceder una oportunidad = grant + opportunity.* conceder una petición = grant + request.* conceder un contrato = award + contract.* conceder un favor = bestow + favour.* conceder un premio = give + an award, grant + an award.* conceder un préstamo = grant + loan.* conceder un título = bestow + title.* privilegio concedido por el dinero = moneyed privilege.* que concede becas = grant-making.* que concede subsidios = grant-making.* que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.* * *verbo transitivo1)a) <premio/beca> to give, award; <descuento/préstamo> to give, grant (frml); <privilegio/favor/permiso> to grantel honor que me concedieron — the honor they conferred o bestowed on me
¿me podría conceder unos minutos? — could you spare me a few minutes?
b) <importancia/valor> to give2) (admitir, reconocer) to admit, acknowledge, concede* * *= award, confer (on/upon), grant, vest, cede, bestow, dispense.Ex: In recognition of his impact on cataloging, in 1974 he was awarded the Margaret Mann Citation and, in 1978, the Melvil Dewey Medal.
Ex: Lastly, he was the 1971 recipient of the Melvil Dewey Medal, which was conferred upon him for creative professional achievement of a high order.Ex: In the majority of cases, the indexer is granted considerable freedom of choice as to the citation order he adopts in the construction of compound class numbers.Ex: This responsibility is vested in the Central Classification Committees of the member countries.Ex: We see this most clearly in the United Kingdom right now, as the Westminster government cedes authority both to the European Union and to a new parliament in Scotland.Ex: God offers penitents redemption but also bestows His 'common grace' on all.Ex: This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.* conceder aumento salarial = award + salary increase.* conceder beca = grant + scholarship.* conceder cierta autoridad sobre = give + Nombre + a say in.* conceder comisión de servicios = second.* conceder diploma = grant + diploma.* conceder el derecho al voto = enfranchise.* conceder el honor = accord + honour.* conceder en franquicia = franchise.* conceder facultades = endow with + powers.* conceder importancia = accord + significance level, attach + importance, place + importance.* conceder licencia = grant + license.* conceder licencia de comercialización = license [licence, -USA].* conceder mucha importancia a = lay + great store on.* conceder permiso = give + permission, grant + permission, grant + Alguien + leave.* conceder poderes = give + powers.* conceder potestad = confer + mandate.* conceder una licencia = issue + licence.* conceder una oportunidad = grant + opportunity.* conceder una petición = grant + request.* conceder un contrato = award + contract.* conceder un favor = bestow + favour.* conceder un premio = give + an award, grant + an award.* conceder un préstamo = grant + loan.* conceder un título = bestow + title.* privilegio concedido por el dinero = moneyed privilege.* que concede becas = grant-making.* que concede subsidios = grant-making.* que se concede en función de las necesidades económicas = means-tested.* * *conceder [E1 ]vtA1 ‹premio/beca› to give, award; ‹descuento/préstamo› to give, grant ( frml); ‹privilegio/favor› to grantlos jueces concedieron el triunfo al irlandés the judges awarded victory to the Irishman, the judges pronounced the Irishman the winnerabuchearon al árbitro por no conceder el penalty the referee was booed for not giving o awarding the penaltysin conceder un solo tanto without conceding a single pointme concedieron permiso they gave me permissionel honor que me concedieron the honor they conferred o bestowed on menos concedió una entrevista she agreed to give us an interview o to being interviewed by usterminó por concederle la razón a su contrincante he ended up admitting o conceding that his opponent was right¿me podría conceder unos minutos de su tiempo? could you spare me a few minutes of your time?2 ‹importancia/valor› to giveno le concedió demasiada importancia she did not give it too much importance o attach too much importance to itB (admitir, reconocer) to admit, acknowledge, concedetuvo que conceder que se había equivocado he had to admit o concede o acknowledge that he was wrong* * *
conceder ( conjugate conceder) verbo transitivo
1
‹descuento/préstamo› to give;
‹privilegio/favor/permiso› to grant;
¿me podría conceder unos minutos? could you spare me a few minutes?
2 (admitir, reconocer) to admit, acknowledge
conceder verbo transitivo
1 (admitir) to admit, concede
2 (un deseo, préstamo) to grant
(un premio, una beca) to award
3 frml (tiempo, atención) si me concede un minuto, if you can spare me a moment
4 (importancia) to give
conceder valor a algo, to attach value to something
' conceder' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acceder
- dar
- dotar
- merced
- negar
- premio
English:
accord
- award
- begrudge
- bestow
- concede
- grant
- confer
- devolve
- dispense
- give
- knight
- shut
- straight
* * *conceder vt1. [dar] to grant;[premio] to award; [beca] to give, to award; [préstamo, subvención] to give, to grant; [asilo, indulto, extradición] to grant;le concedí el beneficio de la duda I gave him the benefit of the doubt;me concedió un deseo he granted me a wish;no concede entrevistas she doesn't give interviews;¿me concede cinco minutos? could you give o spare me five minutes?;le han concedido un permiso para acudir al congreso he's been given o granted permission to attend the conference2. [asentir] to admit, to concede;concedo que están en lo cierto I admit that you're right3. [atribuir] [importancia] to give, to attach;no concede ningún valor al dinero money doesn't matter to her at all* * ** * *conceder vt1) : to grant, to bestow2) : to concede, to admit* * *conceder vb2. (beca, premio) to award -
7 otorgar
v.to grant.* * *1 (conceder) to grant, give (a, to); (premio) to award (a, to)2 DERECHO to execute, draw up* * *verbto award, grant* * *VT1) (=conceder) [+ privilegio, ayuda, independencia, permiso] to grant (a to)[+ premio] to award (a to) [+ poderes, título] to confer (a on) [+ esfuerzo, tiempo] to devote (a to)2) (Jur) (=ejecutar) to execute; [+ testamento] to make3) (=consentir en) to consent to, agree to* * *verbo transitivo2) (Der) < contrato> to sign, execute (tech)otorgó testamento — she drew up o made her will
* * *= award, confer (on/upon), invest, bestow, dispense, grant.Ex. In recognition of his impact on cataloging, in 1974 he was awarded the Margaret Mann Citation and, in 1978, the Melvil Dewey Medal.Ex. Lastly, he was the 1971 recipient of the Melvil Dewey Medal, which was conferred upon him for creative professional achievement of a high order.Ex. Such considerations whether invested with the gravitas assumed by LSIC whenever they address such imponderables or when issued by freebooting critics miss the mark.Ex. God offers penitents redemption but also bestows His 'common grace' on all.Ex. This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.Ex. In the majority of cases, the indexer is granted considerable freedom of choice as to the citation order he adopts in the construction of compound class numbers.----* otorgar el honor = accord + honour.* otorgar el título de "sir" = elevate to + knighthood.* otorgar en profusión = shower.* otorgar permiso = grant + Alguien + leave.* otorgar un premio = give + an award, grant + an award.* otorgar un título = confer + degree, award + Título, bestow + title.* * *verbo transitivo2) (Der) < contrato> to sign, execute (tech)otorgó testamento — she drew up o made her will
* * *= award, confer (on/upon), invest, bestow, dispense, grant.Ex: In recognition of his impact on cataloging, in 1974 he was awarded the Margaret Mann Citation and, in 1978, the Melvil Dewey Medal.
Ex: Lastly, he was the 1971 recipient of the Melvil Dewey Medal, which was conferred upon him for creative professional achievement of a high order.Ex: Such considerations whether invested with the gravitas assumed by LSIC whenever they address such imponderables or when issued by freebooting critics miss the mark.Ex: God offers penitents redemption but also bestows His 'common grace' on all.Ex: This paper describes the role of the federal government in dispensing aid to public libraries as part of the combat against the Great Depression of the 1930s.Ex: In the majority of cases, the indexer is granted considerable freedom of choice as to the citation order he adopts in the construction of compound class numbers.* otorgar el honor = accord + honour.* otorgar el título de "sir" = elevate to + knighthood.* otorgar en profusión = shower.* otorgar permiso = grant + Alguien + leave.* otorgar un premio = give + an award, grant + an award.* otorgar un título = confer + degree, award + Título, bestow + title.* * *otorgar [A3 ]vtse le otorgó el máximo galardón she was awarded the highest honor, she had the highest award bestowed upon hersus magníficos goles otorgaron la victoria a su equipo his magnificent goals secured victory for his teamotorgó testamento she drew up o made her will* * *
otorgar ( conjugate otorgar) verbo transitivo (frml) ‹ premio› to award;
‹favor/préstamo› to grant;
‹ poderes› to bestow (frml), to give
otorgar verbo transitivo
1 (un reconocimiento, un premio) to award [a, to]
2 (un derecho, una petición) to grant: el documento le otorga plenos poderes a Manuela, the document grants full powers to Manuela
' otorgar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
testamento
English:
award
- bestow
- confer
- grant
- give
* * *otorgar vt1. [favor, privilegio, préstamo] to grant;[honor, título] to confer; [premio, beca] to award, to present* * *v/t award; favor grant* * *otorgar {52} vt1) : to grant, to award2) : to draw up, to frame (a legal document)* * *otorgar vb1. (premio, medalla) to award2. (perdón, permiso) to grant -
8 достижение
•Such machines represent considerable step forward [or an achievement, or an accomplishment, or an advance( ment), or a breakthrough] in ac motor design.
II•Today the objective of the chemist is to aid in the interpretation of the universe; he has made much progress toward meeting this objective.
* * *Достижение -- achievement, accomplishment, advancement, progress, breakthrough (успех); attainment, establishment (установление)The use of cooled metal superalloy turbine technology was not expected to manifest any dramatic breakthroughs.The establishment of steady state conditions within the enclosure was a primary concern in the experimental procedure.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > достижение
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9 достижение достижени·е
1) (действие) achievement, attainmentдостижение военного превосходства — attainment of military supremacy / superiority, достижение справедливого и прочного мира achievement of a just and lasting peace
2) мн. (успехи) achievements, gains, progressпорочить / чернить достижения — to denigrate achievements
крупные достижения — great / massive achievements
достижения науки и техники — achievements / advances of science and engineering / technology
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > достижение достижени·е
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10 schön
Adv.1. mit Zeitangaben: already; schon damals even then; schon früher before; (vor langer Zeit) a long time ago; schon immer always, all along; schon oft often (enough); schon wieder again; schon wieder! not again!; schon nach fünf Minuten after only five minutes; nach fünf Minuten war er schon fort etc. five minutes later he’d already gone etc.; schon von Anfang an right from the start, from the word go umg.; es ist schon 12 Uhr it’s twelve o’clock already; schon am nächsten Tag the very next day; schon um 6 Uhr waren sie auf they were already up at 6 o’clock; schon im 16. Jahrhundert as early ( oder as far back) as the 16th century; schon im 16. Jahrhundert gab es die Krankheit the disease was already around in the 16th century; das ist schon lange her that was long ago ( oder way back); das war schon vor zwanzig Jahren that was twenty (whole) years ago; wie lange sind Sie schon hier? how long have you been here?2. (bereits) already; (schon einmal, zuvor) before; (bis jetzt) so far; in Fragen: yet; (jemals) ever; ich habe schon eins umg. I’ve already got one; hast du schon einmal...? have you ever...?; sind Sie schon ( einmal) in Spanien gewesen? have you ever been to Spain?; ich war schon ein paar Mal / oft dort I’ve been there a couple of times / frequently; kennen Sie schon Herrn X? have you met Mr ( oder Mr.) X?, do you know Mr ( oder Mr.) X?; wir kennen uns schon we’ve met, we do know one another; ich habe ihn schon ( einmal) gesehen I’ve seen him before somewhere; danke, ich habe schon zu trinken etc.: no thanks, I’m fine; da ist er ja schon wieder he’s (iro. look who’s) back again; das kenne ich schon I know that, I’ve seen that before; bei Entschuldigungen: I’ve heard that one before; das kennen wir schon we know all about that, that’s an old one; ich habe schon bessere Weine getrunken I’ve tasted better wines in my time; hast du schon gehört? have you heard?; hast du schon mit ihm gesprochen? have you talked to him yet?; ist er schon da? has he come yet?, is he here yet?; (früher als erwartet) is he here already?; was, ( du bist) schon zurück? what, back already?; werden Sie schon bedient? are you being served?; ich bekomme schon it’s OK, I’m being looked after; er wollte schon gehen he was about ( oder all set) to go; warum willst du schon gehen? why are you leaving so early?3. zur Betonung (sogar, selbst) even; schon ein Milligramm des Gifts kann tödlich sein just ( oder even) one milligram(me) of the poison can kill you; ein Anruf hätte schon genügt (just) a phone call would have been enough; schon ein Unentschieden wäre ein Erfolg even a draw would be a success; schon für 10 Euro for only 10 euros; Herrenhemden schon ab 5 Euro men’s shirts from as little as 5 euros; ich komme (ja) schon! (I’m) coming!; da sind wir (ja) schon! here we are; schon war ich sauer umg. I was getting really annoyed; was gibt es denn ( nun) schon wieder? what is it now ( oder this time)?; ich verstehe schon I see4. (allein) schon seine Stimme just to hear his voice, his voice alone; schon der Name the mere (mention of the oder his etc.) name, just to hear the ( oder his etc.) name; schon der Anblick just to see it; schon der Gedanke the very idea, the mere thought (of it); schon deswegen if only for that (reason); schon wegen if only because of; der Kinder etc.: if only for the sake of; schon weil if only because; schon sie zu sehen (even) just to see her5. versichernd, verstärkend: sie wird’s schon schaffen she’ll make it all right; beruhigend: auch don’t worry, she’ll make it; er kommt schon noch he’ll come eventually; die Zinsen steigen schon noch the interest rates are bound to go up; the interest rates will go up, you’ll see; ich mach’s schon leave it to me; es wird schon gehen it’ll be all right, I’ll etc. manage (somehow); das ist schon möglich that could be; betonter: that’s quite possible; das lässt sich schon machen mit Vorbehalt: we etc. might be able to do that, it’s doable; (es ist kein Problem) that’s no problem, no problem umg.; wir können schon mit ihm reden (sind bereit) we don’t mind talking to him; ich kann mir schon denken, was... I can (just) imagine what...; er ist schon eingebildet he’s certainly bigheaded; das war schon Glückssache that really was a stroke of luck; das ist schon eine große Frechheit! that really is a bit much; schon gut! it’s all right, never mind; (das reicht) that’ll do6. umg., auffordernd, ermunternd: mach schon! get a move on, will you?; komm schon! come on, then; geh schon! go on, then; nun sag schon, wie’s war come on, tell us ( oder me) what it was like; gib’s schon zu! come on, admit it!7. einräumend oder bedingend: schon, aber... yes, but...; ich verstehe / möchte schon, aber... I can see that / I’d like to, but...; ich kenne sie schon, aber... I do know her, but...; sie müsste sich schon etwas mehr anstrengen she’d have to make more of an effort, of course; das ist schon wahr, aber... that’s (certainly) ( oder may be) true, but...; wenn du schon ( mal) da bist since you’re here8. (ohnehin) es ist so schon teuer genug it’s expensive enough as it is; schon gar nicht least of all; morgen schon gar nicht least of all tomorrow9. umg., rhetorisch: na wenn schon! so what; iro. so?; was macht das schon? what does it matter?; was heißt das schon? so?, that doesn’t mean a thing; wem nützt das schon? who is that supposed to help?; wer braucht / kauft so was schon? who on earth needs / buys something like that?; was verstehst du schon davon? what do you know about it?; wer könnte da schon nein sagen? who could possibly say no (to that)?; wer ist da? - na, wer schon? who’s there? - who do you think?10. umg.: wenn schon, denn schon (wenn man sich auf etw. einlässt) in for a penny (Am. dime), in for a pound (Am. dollar); (wenn man etw. unternimmt) anything worth doing, is worth doing well* * *ever; already; yet; by now* * *[ʃøːn]1. adj1) (= hübsch anzusehen) beautiful, lovely; Mann handsomena, schö́nes Kind (inf) — well then, beautiful (inf)
See:→ Auge2) (= nett, angenehm) good; Erlebnis, Stimme, Musik, Wetter good, lovely; Gelegenheit great, splendiddie schö́nen Künste — the fine arts
die schö́ne Literatur — belles-lettres sing
das ist ein schö́ner Tod — that's a good way to die
eines schö́nen Tages — one fine day
(wieder) in schö́nster Ordnung (nach Krach etc) — back to normal (again)
in schö́nster Eintracht or Harmonie — in perfect harmony
das Schöne beim Skilaufen ist... — the nice thing about skiing is...
das Schönste daran ist... — the beauty of it is..., the nicest or best thing about it is...
schö́ne Ferien!, schö́nen Urlaub! — have a good or nice holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US)
schö́nes Wochenende — have a good or nice weekend
schö́nen guten Tag — a very good morning/afternoon/evening to you
war es schö́n im Urlaub? — did you have a nice or good holiday (esp Brit) or vacation (US)?
war es schö́n bei Tante Veronika? — did you have a nice or good time at Aunt Veronika's?
schö́n, dass du gekommen bist — nice of you to come
es ist schö́n, dass du wieder da bist — it's good to have you back
schö́ner, heißer Kaffee — nice hot coffee
ein schö́ner frischer Wind — a nice fresh wind
du bist mir ein schö́ner Freund/Vater/Held etc — a fine friend/father/hero etc you are, you're some friend/father/hero etc
du machst or das sind mir ja schö́ne Sachen or Geschichten — here's or this is a pretty state of things, here's a pretty kettle of fish (inf)
von dir hört man schö́ne Sachen or Geschichten — I've been hearing some nice or fine things about you
das wäre ja noch schö́ner (inf) — that's (just) too much!
es wird immer schö́ner (inf) — things are going from bad to worse
See:4) (inf = gut) nicedas war nicht schö́n von dir (inf) — that wasn't very nice of you
zu schö́n, um wahr zu sein (inf) — too good to be true
schö́n, schö́n, (also) schö́n, sehr schö́n, na schö́n — fine, okay, all right
schö́n und gut, aber... — (that's) all well and good but..., that's all very well but...
5) (= beträchtlich, groß) Erfolg great; Strecke, Stück Arbeit, Alter goodein schö́nes Stück weiterkommen — to make good progress
eine ganz schö́ne Leistung — quite an achievement
eine ganz schö́ne Arbeit — quite a lot of work
eine ganz schö́ne Menge — quite a lot
das hat eine schö́ne Stange Geld gekostet (inf) — that cost a pretty penny
2. adv1)(= hübsch)
sich schö́n anziehen — to get dressed upschö́n machen (Kind) — to dress up; (Wohnung, Straßen) to decorate
sich schö́n machen — to get dressed up, to dress (oneself) up
2) (bei Verben) (= gut) well; sich waschen, verarbeiten lassen easily; scheinen brightly; schreiben beautifully; (= richtig, genau) ansehen, durchlesen etc carefullyes schö́n haben — to be well off; (im Urlaub etc) to have a good time (of it)
etw am schö́nsten machen — to do sth best
See:→ danke, bitte3)(= angenehm)
schö́n weich/warm/stark etc — nice and soft/warm/strong etc4)schlaf schö́n — sleep wellamüsiere dich schö́n — have a nice or good time
erhole dich schö́n — have a good rest
See:→ grüßen5) (inf = brav, lieb) nicelyiss mal schö́n deinen Teller leer — eat it all up nicely (now), be a good girl/boy and eat it all up
sag schö́n "Guten Tag" — say "hello" nicely
sei schö́n still/ordentlich etc (als Aufforderung) — be nice and quiet/tidy etc
sei schö́n brav — be a good boy/girl
fahr schö́n langsam — drive nice and slowly
See:6) (inf = sehr, ziemlich) reallyschö́n wehtun — to hurt oneself a lot
sich schö́n täuschen — to make a big mistake
sich schö́n ärgern — to be very angry
jdn schö́n erschrecken — to give sb quite a or a real fright
ganz schö́n teuer/kalt — pretty expensive/cold
(ganz) schö́n weit weg — a long or good way off, quite a distance away
ganz schö́n lange — quite a while
(ganz) schö́n viel Geld kosten — to cost a pretty penny
* * *1) (before a particular time; previously: I had already gone when Tom arrived; I don't want that book - I've read it already.) already2) (before the expected time: Are you leaving already?; He hasn't gone already, has he?) already3) yet* * *[ʃo:n]I. adv1. (jetzt)sind wir \schon da? are we there yet?hast du \schon gehört? have you heard?sie kommen \schon heute they're coming todaydu willst \schon gehen? you want to leave now [or already]?nach fünf Minuten war ich \schon fertig I was finished after only five minutes, I was already finished after five minutes\schon bald darauf very soon after▪ es ist \schon...:es ist \schon spät it is already late [or late already2. (danach)nur eine Minute, und \schon bin ich weg just one minute, and then I'm gonekaum leg ich mich hin, \schon klingelt das Telefon wieder I hardly have time to lie down before the telephone rings yet again formkaum verließ sie das Zimmer, \schon rauchte er she had hardly left the room when he lit up3. (vorab)ihr könnt [ja] \schon [mal] anfangen you can start now4. (wirklich)was, \schon 5 Uhr? what, 5 o'clock already?er wiegt \schon 200 kg! he now weighs 200 kg!eine kleine Menge kann \schon Wunder wirken just [or even] a small amount can work wonders\schon ein Teilerfolg würde sich lohnen even a partial success would be worth itCD-Rohlinge gibt es \schon für ein paar Cent blank CDs can be had for as little as a few cents\schon 8-Jährige surfen im Internet children as young as eight are surfing the internet5. (früher)\schon in den Siebzigern gab es Mikrocomputer there were microcomputers as early as [or back in] the seventies\schon Ovid schrieb darüber/über diese Idee that/that idea is as old as Ovid\schon als Kind wollte ich Schauspieler werden since I was a child I've always wanted to be an actor\schon damals/gestern/jetzt even at that time/even yesterday/even now\schon früh early on\schon immer alwayssie war \schon immer schwierig she always was difficultich sagte es ja \schon immer I've always said so\schon seit Jahren for years [now]\schon lange/länger for a long time [now]\schon oft several times [already]6. (inzwischen)das kenn ich \schon I know that alreadyich wollte vorher \schon fragen I wanted to ask anyway\schon [ein]mal everhast du \schon mal Austern gegessen? have you ever eaten oysters?wie \schon gesagt as was/has been said already [or beforehand]wie \schon so oft as was/has been often the case [before]7. (allein)warum sich beklagen? es geht uns \schon so schlecht why complain? we're badly off as it is\schon darum/deshalb/aus dem Grunde for that reason alone\schon die Tatsache, dass... the fact alone that..., the very fact that...\schon Grund genug sein to be already reason enough; s.a. alleinII. part1. (wirklich)das ist \schon eine Schande! that really is a disgrace!es ist \schon wahr it's true all rightich sehe \schon,... I can see,...ich kann mir \schon denken, was du willst I can well imagine what you wantdas will \schon was heißen those are promising wordsdu wirst \schon sehen! you'll see!es ist \schon angenehm, nichts zu tun it really is pleasant doing nothingdas will ich nicht, und \schon gar nicht von dir I don't want it, and especially not from you\schon wieder [once] againnicht das/sie \schon wieder! not that/her again!jetzt komm \schon! hurry up!hör \schon auf damit! will you stop that!sag doch \schon! out with it!geh \schon! go on!gib \schon her! come on, give it here!mach \schon! hurry up!3. (aber)wenn du \schon nicht bleibst, [dann] iss eine Kleinigkeit if you really can't stay, then have a bite to eatwenn ich euch \schon fahre, dann [aber] vor Mitternacht if I do drive you, then before midnight4. (irgendwie) all rightdanke, es geht \schon thanks, I can managees wird \schon klappen it will work out all right5. (irgendwann) in the end, one dayes wird \schon noch [mal] klappen it will work out in the end [or one day6. (eigentlich)ich glaube \schon I think soso was kann \schon mal vorkommen such things can happenLust hätte ich \schon, nur keine Zeit I do feel like it, I simply don't have timedas stimmt \schon that's true enoughdas ist \schon möglich/wahr that's possible/true, I suppose\schon möglich, aber [o doch] [o nur] nicht sehr wahrscheinlich that's possible, but not very probable[ja] \schon[, aber...] [well] yes [or sure] [, but...]findest du sie attraktiv? — ja, \schon do you think she's attractive? — yes, she's okay\schon gut! okay! famwir durften nicht draußen spielen, die anderen [aber] \schon we weren't allowed to play outside, but the others wereauf dieser Straße kommen Sie nicht nach Köln, auf der \schon you won't get to Cologne on this road, but on that onewas ist \schon Reichtum? what's wealth of all things?was hast du \schon zu sagen? what have you of all people got to say?was sind \schon zehn Jahre? what do ten years matter?was macht das \schon? what does it matter?was nützt das \schon? what possible use is that?wen interessiert das \schon? who's possibly interested?9. (nur)wenn ich das \schon rieche/sehe! the mere smell/sight of that!wie war \schon Ihr Name? what was your name again?* * *1.er kommt schon heute/ist schon gestern gekommen — he's coming today/he came yesterday
er ist schon da/[an]gekommen — he is already here/has already arrived
schon damals/jetzt — even at that time or in those days/even now
schon [im Jahre] 1926 — as early as 1926; back in 1926
2) (fast gleichzeitig) there and thener schwang sich auf das Fahrrad, und schon war er weg — he jumped on the bicycle and was away [in a flash]
3) (jetzt)schon [mal] — now; (inzwischen) meanwhile
4) (selbst, sogar) even; (nur) only5) (ohne Ergänzung, ohne weiteren Zusatz) on its own[allein] schon der Gedanke daran ist schrecklich — the mere thought or just the thought of it is dreadful
2.schon darum od. aus diesem Grund — for this reason alone
1) (verstärkend) really; (gewiss) certainly2) (ugs. ungeduldig): (endlich)nun komm schon! — come on!; hurry up!
und wenn schon! — so what; what if he/she/it does/did/was etc.
3) (beruhigend): (wahrscheinlich) all righter wird sich schon wieder erholen — he'll recover all right; he's sure to recover
4) (zustimmend, aber etwas einschränkend)Lust hätte ich schon, nur keine Zeit — I'd certainly like to, but I've no time
das ist schon möglich, nur... — that is quite possible, only...
5) (betont): (andererseits)er ist nicht besonders intelligent, aber sein Bruder schon — he's not particularly intelligent, but his brother is
6) (einschränkend, abwertend)was weiß der schon! — what does 'he know [about it]!
* * *A. adj1. (attraktiv) nice; (ausgesprochen schön) beautiful; Frau: auch attractive; Mann: handsome, good-looking; Kind: lovely; Tier: beautiful;schöne Schrift nice handwriting;schöne Stimme attractive voice; Singstimme: beautiful voice;er ist kein schöner Mann, aber … he’s not good-looking (hum he’s no Adonis), but …;eine hinreißend schöne Frau a stunningly beautiful woman;sich schön machen dress up, make o.s. smart (US neat); (sich schminken) put one’s make-up ( oder face umg) on;sich für jemanden schön machen try to look one’s best for sb;sei schön und halt den Mund! umg be a wonderful friend ( oder do me a favo[u]r) and keep your mouth shut2.die schönen Künste the fine arts;schöne Literatur belles-lettres pl, belletristic literatureein schöner Erfolg a great success;schönes Wetter good ( oder fine) weather;ein schönes Beispiel der Barockdichtung a fine example of Baroque poetry;na schön! (also gut) all right then;zu schön, um wahr zu sein too good to be true;das ist alles schön und gut, aber … that’s all very well, but …;das Schöne daran the great thing about it;das Schönste kommt noch besonders iron you haven’t heard the best part yet, it gets better; → anrichten4. (angenehm) nice, pleasant;schöner heißer Tee umg nice hot (cup of) tea;ein paar schöne Stunden a few pleasant ( stärker: happy) hours;das war ein schöner Tag that was a lovely day;schönen Tag noch! besonders US have a nice day;schönes Wochenende! have a nice weekend;war es schön im Urlaub? did you have a nice holiday?;das ist schön von ihm that’s (very) kind ( oder nice) of him;schöner Tod easy death;schön wär’s! wouldn’t that be nice; (ist unwahrscheinlich) what a hope!, that’ll be the day!;er macht nur schöne Worte it’s all fine words with him5. umg (beträchtlich) considerable;eine schöne Strecke laufen walk quite a way ( oder distance);eine ganz schöne Entfernung quite a considerable distance;ein schönes Stück vorankommen make a fair bit of progress;ein schönes Stück Arbeit a pretty big job;eine schöne Summe a tidy sum;ein ganz schönes Alter a fine old age;du hast mir einen schönen Schreck eingejagt you gave me quite a scare;das ist ja eine schöne Enttäuschung that’s a big disappointment6. umg, iron:das sind mir schöne Sachen that’s a fine kettle of fish;du bist mir ein schöner Freund a fine friend you are;das wäre ja noch schöner! that’d be the last straw, that’s the last thing we want; → Aussicht, Bescherung etc7.eines schönen Tages one day; zukünftig: one of these daysB. adv1. nicely, beautifully etc; → A2. umg (sehr) really, pretty;schön warm nice and warm;der Kaffee ist schön/ganz schön heiß the coffee is nice and hot/really hot;ganz schön kalt auch damned cold;sei schön brav! be a good boy ( oder girl) now;es ist ganz schön schwer that’s some weight; (schwierig) it’s pretty difficult;du hast mich ganz schön erschreckt you gave me quite a scare;ich habe mich schön gelangweilt I was bored stiff;da wärst du schön dumm you’d be a right (US complete) fool3.du hast es schön! lucky you!4. umg, iron:jetzt steh ich schön da I look a right (US complete) fool now;da ist er aber schön angekommen he got more than he had bargained for;es kommt noch schöner it gets even better, you haven’t heard the best part yet5.wie man so schön sagt umg as they say;* * *1.er kommt schon heute/ist schon gestern gekommen — he's coming today/he came yesterday
er ist schon da/[an]gekommen — he is already here/has already arrived
schon damals/jetzt — even at that time or in those days/even now
schon [im Jahre] 1926 — as early as 1926; back in 1926
2) (fast gleichzeitig) there and thener schwang sich auf das Fahrrad, und schon war er weg — he jumped on the bicycle and was away [in a flash]
3) (jetzt)schon [mal] — now; (inzwischen) meanwhile
4) (selbst, sogar) even; (nur) only5) (ohne Ergänzung, ohne weiteren Zusatz) on its own[allein] schon der Gedanke daran ist schrecklich — the mere thought or just the thought of it is dreadful
2.schon darum od. aus diesem Grund — for this reason alone
1) (verstärkend) really; (gewiss) certainly2) (ugs. ungeduldig): (endlich)nun komm schon! — come on!; hurry up!
und wenn schon! — so what; what if he/she/it does/did/was etc.
3) (beruhigend): (wahrscheinlich) all righter wird sich schon wieder erholen — he'll recover all right; he's sure to recover
4) (zustimmend, aber etwas einschränkend)Lust hätte ich schon, nur keine Zeit — I'd certainly like to, but I've no time
das ist schon möglich, nur... — that is quite possible, only...
5) (betont): (andererseits)er ist nicht besonders intelligent, aber sein Bruder schon — he's not particularly intelligent, but his brother is
6) (einschränkend, abwertend)was weiß der schon! — what does 'he know [about it]!
* * *adv.already adv.yet adv. -
11 beachtlich
be·acht·lich adjconsiderable;ein \beachtlicher Erfolg/eine \beachtliche Leistung a notable success/achievement;eine \beachtliche Verbesserung a marked improvement;B\beachtliches leisten to achieve a considerable amount;nichts B\beachtliches nothing worthy of note;\beachtlich! not bad!1) ( deutlich)\beachtlich kälter/ schneller/ wärmer considerably [or markedly] [or significantly] colder/faster/warmer2) ( bemerkenswert) remarkably -
12 достижение
•Such machines represent considerable step forward [or an achievement, or an accomplishment, or an advance( ment), or a breakthrough] in ac motor design.
II•Today the objective of the chemist is to aid in the interpretation of the universe; he has made much progress toward meeting this objective.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > достижение
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13 достижение
(= прорыв, результат) achievement, attainment, advances, breakthrough• Более управляемым способом достижения той же цели является... - A more controlled way of achieving the same end is to...• В области... были получены существенные достижения. - Considerable advances have been made in the field of...• В этой главе мы пытаемся подвести итог основным достижениям в... - This chapter attempts to summarize the main advances in...• Очевидно, одним из способов достижения этого было бы (что-л. сделать). - Clearly, one way of achieving this would be to... -
14 успех
success; (достижение) achievement; (прогресс) progress, advancement, advanceделать успехи — to make progress, to advance, to gain ground
добиться успеха — to achieve / to climb to success
увенчаться успехом — to be crowned with success, to succeed
бесспорный / неоспоримый успех — unchallenged triumph
значительный успех — substantial advance, considerable achievements
крупный успех — great / huge success
относительный успех — comparative / fair success
умеренный успех — modest success / progress
шумный успех — sensational / tremendous success
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15 Hunter, John
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 14 (registered 13) February 1728 East Kilbride, Lanarkshire, Scotlandd. 16 October 1793 London, England[br]Scottish surgeon and anatomist, pioneer of experimental methods in medicine and surgery.[br]The younger brother of William Hunter (1718–83), who was of great distinction but perhaps of slightly less achievement in similar fields, he owed much of his early experience to his brother; William, after a period at Glasgow University, moved to St George's Hospital, London. In his later teens, John assisted a brother-in-law with cabinet-making. This appears to have contributed to the lifelong mechanical skill which he displayed as a dissector and surgeon. This skill was particularly obvious when, after following William to London in 1748, he held post at a number of London teaching hospitals before moving to St George's in 1756. A short sojourn at Oxford in 1755 appears to have been unfruitful.Despite his deepening involvement in the study of comparative anatomy, facilitated by the purchase of animals from the Tower menagerie and travelling show people, he accepted an appointment as a staff surgeon in the Army in 1760, participating in the expedition to Belle Isle and also serving in Portugal. He returned home with over 300 specimens in 1763 and, until his appointment as Surgeon to St George's in 1768, was heavily involved in the examination of this and other material, as well as in studies of foetal testicular descent, placental circulation, the nature of pus and lymphatic circulation. In 1772 he commenced lecturing on the theory and practice of surgery, and in 1776 he was appointed Surgeon-Extraordinary to George III.He is rightly regarded as the founder of scientific surgery, but his knowledge was derived almost entirely from his own experiments and observations. His contemporaries did not always accept or understand the concepts which led to such aphorisms as, "to perform an operation is to mutilate a patient we cannot cure", and his written comment to his pupil Jenner: "Why think. Why not trie the experiment". His desire to establish the aetiology of gonorrhoea led to him infecting himself, as a result of which he also contracted syphilis. His ensuing account of the characteristics of the disease remains a classic of medicine, although it is likely that the sequelae of the condition brought about his death at a relatively early age. From 1773 he suffered recurrent anginal attacks of such a character that his life "was in the hands of any rascal who chose to annoy and tease him". Indeed, it was following a contradiction at a board meeting at St George's that he died.By 1788, with the death of Percival Pott, he had become unquestionably the leading surgeon in Britain, if not Europe. Elected to the Royal Society in 1767, the extraordinary variety of his collections, investigations and publications, as well as works such as the "Treatise on the natural history of the human teeth" (1771–8), gives testimony to his original approach involving the fundamental and inescapable relation of structure and function in both normal and disease states. The massive growth of his collections led to his acquiring two houses in Golden Square to contain them. It was his desire that after his death his collection be purchased and preserved for the nation. It contained 13,600 specimens and had cost him £70,000. After considerable delay, Par-liament voted inadequate sums for this purpose and the collection was entrusted to the recently rechartered Royal College of Surgeons of England, in whose premises this remarkable monument to the omnivorous and eclectic activities of this outstanding figure in the evolution of medicine and surgery may still be seen. Sadly, some of the collection was lost to bombing during the Second World War. His surviving papers were also extensive, but it is probable that many were destroyed in the early nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1767. Copley Medal 1787.Bibliography1835–7, Works, ed. J.F.Palmer, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London.MG -
16 Tesla, Nikola
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 9 July 1856 Smiljan, Croatiad. 7 January 1943 New York, USA[br]Serbian (naturalized American) engineer and inventor of polyphase electrical power systems.[br]While at the technical institute in Graz, Austria, Tesla's attention was drawn to the desirability of constructing a motor without a commutator. He considered the sparking between the commutator and brushes of the Gramme machine when run as a motor a serious defect. In 1881 he went to Budapest to work on the telegraph system and while there conceived the principle of the rotating magnetic field, upon which all polyphase induction motors are based. In 1882 Tesla moved to Paris and joined the Continental Edison Company. After building a prototype of his motor he emigrated to the United States in 1884, becoming an American citizen in 1889. He left Edison and founded an independent concern, the Tesla Electric Company, to develop his inventions.The importance of Tesla's first patents, granted in 1888 for alternating-current machines, cannot be over-emphasized. They covered a complete polyphase system including an alternator and induction motor. Other patents included the polyphase transformer, synchronous motor and the star connection of three-phase machines. These were to become the basis of the whole of the modern electric power industry. The Westinghouse company purchased the patents and marketed Tesla motors, obtaining in 1893 the contract for the Niagara Falls two-phase alternators driven by 5,000 hp (3,700 kW) water turbines.After a short period with Westinghouse, Tesla resigned to continue his research into high-frequency and high-voltage phenomena using the Tesla coil, an air-cored transformer. He lectured in America and Europe on his high-frequency devices, enjoying a considerable international reputation. The name "tesla" has been given to the SI unit of magnetic-flux density. The induction motor became one of the greatest advances in the industrial application of electricity. A claim for priority of invention of the induction motor was made by protagonists of Galileo Ferraris (1847–1897), whose discovery of rotating magnetic fields produced by alternating currents was made independently of Tesla's. Ferraris demonstrated the phenomenon but neglected its exploitation to produce a practical motor. Tesla himself failed to reap more than a small return on his work and later became more interested in scientific achievement than commercial success, with his patents being infringed on a wide scale.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsAmerican Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1917. Tesla received doctorates from fourteen universities.Bibliography1 May 1888, American patent no. 381,968 (initial patent for the three-phase induction motor).1956, Nikola Tesla, 1856–1943, Lectures, Patents, Articles, ed. L.I.Anderson, Belgrade (selected works, in English).1977, My Inventions, repub. Zagreb (autobiography).Further ReadingM.Cheney, 1981, Tesla: Man Out of Time, New Jersey (a full biography). C.Mackechnie Jarvis, 1969, in IEE Electronics and Power 15:436–40 (a brief treatment).T.C.Martin, 1894, The Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla, New York (covers his early work on polyphase systems).GW -
17 Σπανία
Σπανία, ας, ἡ (Diod S 5, 37, 2; Athen. 8, 330f; 13 p. 657f; pap [CWessely, WienerStud 24, 1902, 147]; 1 Macc 8:3) Spain, the goal of a journey planned by Paul Ro 15:24, 28 (EBarnikol, Spanienreise u. Römerbrief ’34). That he reached Spain at some time (cp. 1 Cl 5:7 ‘the western limit’) is maintained w. more or less certainty by BWeiss, FSpitta (Zur Gesch. u. Lit. des Urchristentums I 1893, 1–108), Zahn (Einl. I3 1907 §33–37), Harnack (Mission I4 1923, 83), JFrey (Die zweimalige röm. Gefangenschaft u. das Todesjahr des Ap. Pls 1900, Die letzten Lebensjahre des Pls 1910), EDubowy (Klemens v. Rom über d. Reise Pauli nach Spanien 1914), JWeiss (Das Urchristentum 1917, 300), ADeissmann (Paulus2 1925, 192=Paul 1926, 248) et al.; on the other hand, it is denied by HHoltzmann et al. and by PWendland (Die urchristl. Literaturformen 1912, 366), FPfister (ZNW 14, 1913, 216ff), EMeyer (III 1923, 131f), FHielscher (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Ap. Pls 1925), EvDobschütz (Der Ap. Pls I 1926, 17) et al.; HLietzmann, Gesch. der Alten Kirche I ’32, 111 and ANock, St. Paul ’38, 142–44 (Paulus ’40, 112f) leave the question open.—Paul’s interest in Spain accords with his general interest in reaching centers of considerable cultural achievement. See Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae I–IX 1922–59; La grande enciclopédie VIII ‘Easpagna’; Pauly-W. VIII 1965–2046; MRostovtzeff, Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire I ’57, 83–112; JvanNostrand, ‘Roman Spain’, in TFrank, ed. Economic Survey of Ancient Rome III ’37, 119–24.—M-M.
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